On the grounds of the monastery of St. Peter, the OEAI has uncovered since 1980 the remains of numerous ruined buildings; the oldest of these belonged to the city palace of a wealthy citizen of Iuvavum, a structure which unexpectedly established itself so close to the steep slope of Mönchsberg. In addition to the living rooms, decorated with mosaics and frescoes and with heating below the floor, there might also have been a similarly equipped bathing establishment; nearby, administrative buildings have also been revealed. This local building complex lay at the end of a crooked dead-end street, which was connected to the city street system in the region of what is today the Cathedral square.
After the destruction of this 1st century A.D. building, deterioration set in at the latest around 400 A.D. The spectrum of finds of Roman ceramics encompasses, in addition to terra sigillata, fine ware, and glass as table wares, a preponderance of everyday wares for the kitchen and storage areas. The terra sigillata dishes were manufactured in northern Italy during the Tiberian-Claudian period. The large production centres of south and central Gaul sold their bowls and plates for use here during the later 1st century and into the 2nd century A.D. During the course of the second half of the 2nd century and into the 3rd, the large industry of Rheinzabern took over the supply from Iuvavum, with the result that the industries of Westerndorf and Pfaffenhofen profited as suppliers due to their proximity. The simple everyday wares were produced locally in the region around Salzburg. The repertoire of forms encompasses all those which are typical for Western Noricum, from the older vessels of Auerburg type, through wide-mouthed and Narrow-necked vessels, to lids, beakers, plates and bowls.
A clearing, leveling, and adaptation of the Roman ruins, evident at numerous places, took place at the same time as the construction of certain new buildings, of which the most prominent is the central "Two Chamber Building" built out of stone from the Dolomites. These buildings, as well as the oldest chapel beneath the Margarethe-Chapel, date to the Rupertine era, that is, to the time around 700 A.D. and shortly thereafter when - in carrying out the order of the Bavarian duke to found a church organization - the Frank Rupert renovated the part of Iuvavum which was transferred to him and built up a church as well as a cloister including the necessary building for his monkish entourage. One of these buildings was the small chapel beneath the church of St. Margaretha; and in the north, the street was adapted, to which from the Two-Chamber building a layer with rubble of dolomite stone led.
Towards the end of the 8th century the small chapel was extended by an anteroom with tomb trenches and therefore became the centre of a monk's cemetery under the Sts. Michael, Peter and Amandus. It is conceivable that, already at that time, hermitages also existed in the slopes of Mönchsberg, which later received the misleading name "Catacombs".
After the final split between the monastery and the Archbishopric in 987, the first monumental church building in St. Peter's was erected, namely a three-aisled basilica with stepped choir and crypt, and which was aligned according to the earlier suite of rooms, even retaining visible traces of the "Two Chamber Building" in its centre.
In 1141, the cemetery chapel was replaced by an only slightly larger building, dedicated to St. Amandus. The current monastery church was dedicated under the famous Reform Abbot, Balderich, in 1143, in place of the early Romanesque church of St. Peter; in 1170, the Cross Chapel was erected in front of the lowest "Hermitage".
In addition to early Mediaeval pottery, gold glimmer and graphite wares of the high mediaeval period are also present. Most remarkable is a handled goblet made of ceramic baked in a reducing kiln. In the 16th century, and in particular during its second half, the abundance in respect of forms and technical execution in pottery production occurred simultaneously with an economic heyday for Salzburg, a heyday which was due to trade in goods with Venice. Table wares in an elevated style were represented predominantly by pitchers glazed inside and out, with green or with costly blue exterior glaze, and with yellow interior glaze, or even in polychrome glaze. The appropriate inverted lids were intended to protect the contents from contamination. In spite of the high standard of the products of local potters, certain high-quality objects, such as graphite pottery from Obernzell, were imported. Fragments of glasses in Venetian style also attest to the high standard of living in the monastery. Oyster shells represent the remains of expensive banquets. Bull's-eye glass from the windows and green glazed tiles from the tiled stoves provide an impression of life in a wealthy monastery.
Excavation activity at the monastery and its environs is not yet completed, and will be continued. Despite the expected new insights from the relatively large area concerning the development of Iuvavum, the finds from the post-Roman and early Mediaeval period are above all the finds which need to be accomplished. The scientific analysis of the ceramics and of the small finds lies once again in the hands of A. Kaltenberger.
Since the year 2000, large areas of the cloister garden have been excavated. During the course of this research, the foundations of the monastery buildings demolished in 1657 have above all been brought to light, and furthermore also remains of Mediaeval and early modern structures. In the spring of 2006, a vaulted hypogeum of the Roman period could be cut in to; this is noteworthy not only because its walls were preserved to a height of 3 m., but also due to the fact that, according to stratigraphy, it was first abandoned and filled in during the Mediaeval period.

Picture Captions
Fig. 1: St. Peter, Profile and section through the vestibule (St. Karwiese)
Fig. 2: St. Peter, Glazed jar
Fig. 3: St. Peter, Green glazed tile (Inv. 61/89/6, 86/89/2)

Bibliography:
St. Karwiese - A. Kaltenberger, Hl. Rupert von Salzburg. Supplementary volume: Archäologische Entdeckungen in der Erzabtei St. Peter (1996).
A. Kaltenberger, Ausgrabung St. Peter, Salzburg: I. Die Terra sigillata 1980-1992, ÖJh 64, 1995, Beibl. 157-294.
A. Kaltenberger, Ausgrabung St. Peter, Salzburg: II. Römerzeitliche lokale Gebrauchsware und mittelalterliche Keramik 1980-1995, ÖJh 67, 1998, Beibl. 245-484.
A. Kaltenberger, Ausgrabung St. Peter, Salzburg: III. Römerzeitliche Feinware, oxidierend gebrannte Ware und glas sowie frühneuzeitliche Keramik 1980-1995, ÖJh 68, 1999, Beibl. 409-590.
St. Karwiese, Peregrine Wurzeln des Salzburger Episkopates, in: 1200 Jahre Erzbistum Salzburg. Dom und Geschichte (1998) 45-51.
St. Karwiese in: Historischer Atlas der Stadt Salzburg (1999) Blatt IV.1.